15 µF, 4 V, 4 Ohm ESR — decoupling and filtering fit
The 4 Ohm ESR at 100 kHz sets the ripple current handling and power dissipation ceiling — for a 100 kHz switching regulator output, the ripple voltage across the cap is ESR × ripple current, so a 50 mA ripple yields 200 mV pk-pk. This ESR is typical for the 0805 case size at this capacitance; if the downstream rail needs lower ripple, a larger case or a polymer tantalum is the next step.
The capacitor can sit on an avionics power rail that sees -40°C cold soak and +105°C under full load, with margin at both ends.
