48% duty cycle — why it matters for flyback and forward converters
Running the duty cycle above 50% in those circuits risks flux walking and core saturation; the 48% ceiling gives the transformer reset time every cycle.
Switching frequency ceiling and transformer sizing
Switching frequency goes up to 500 kHz, which lets you shrink the magnetic components — a 200 kHz vs 100 kHz flyback transformer is roughly half the core volume. The trade-off is switching losses in the MOSFET and the controller's own bias current; at 500 kHz the gate drive losses start to eat into efficiency.
Vcc range is 12 V to 28 V, which covers the common 12 V and 24 V industrial bus rails.