What the open-collector output means on the bench
The SN74ALS38BD is a quad 2-input NAND gate from the 74ALS family, packed in a 14-SOIC. The headline feature is the open-collector output — the high-side transistor is missing, so the output can only sink current (24 mA per the spec) and cannot source it. That means you pull the output up with an external resistor to whatever voltage the downstream logic needs, up to the breakdown of the output transistor. It is a common trick for driving a higher-voltage bus or a relay coil directly from a 5 V logic rail. Fine for a lab bench or an office-environment control board, but not for an engine bay or a cold warehouse floor.
The 14-SOIC footprint is common and the body width is 3.90 mm — standard SOIC-14 land pattern.