16 MHz MSP430 core with 4 KB Flash — what fits in that memory budget
The MSP430G2312IPW14R: The 256 x 8 RAM is the hard limit: any firmware that needs a large lookup table or a multi-packet buffer will overflow. Plan the stack and global variables against that 256-byte ceiling before writing a line of code.
Peripherals and I/O — what is wired in
Ten general-purpose I/O pins are available in the 14-TSSOP package. The Universal Serial Interface (USI) supports both I²C and SPI in hardware — no bit-banging needed for a temperature sensor or a small display. A PWM timer and a watchdog timer are included. DMA is present, but with only 256 bytes of RAM the DMA benefit is marginal unless you are moving data between peripherals without CPU intervention.