5 V fixed output, 100 mA — the always-on rail regulator
It is built for always-on or sensor supply rails in automotive and industrial systems where the input bus can swing up to 26 V — direct connection to a 24 V battery or a 12 V rail without a pre-regulator is within spec. The 55 dB PSRR at 120 Hz is the headline spec for this class: it attenuates the 100/120 Hz ripple from a rectified AC or a switching pre-regulator, keeping the output clean for analog or microcontroller supply.
Dropout and headroom — 0.3 V at full load
Maximum dropout is 0.3 V at 100 mA output. That means the input must stay above 5.3 V to maintain regulation — a 12 V battery at 11 V during cranking still holds margin. Below that threshold the output tracks the input minus dropout, and the PSRR drops off. Quiescent current is 1 mA typical, rising to 15 mA maximum under fault or heavy load. For a battery-backed always-on rail, the 1 mA Iq is the standing draw that must be included in the sleep-mode budget.
Protection set — over-temp, reverse polarity, short circuit
The LM2931S-5.0/NOPB integrates over-temperature shutdown, reverse polarity protection, and short-circuit current limiting. In an automotive environment where a load-dump transient or a miswired battery connection is a real event, these protections prevent the regulator from failing open or shorting the input rail.
