The TPMV687M006R0023 is a molded tantalum capacitor from the KYOCERA AVX TPM series, rated at 680 µF with a 6.3 V voltage rating and a low 23 mOhm equivalent series resistance (ESR).
The 680 µF capacitance at 6.3 V gives you about 13.5 J of stored energy at full rail — enough to ride through a few hundred microseconds of supply dropout in a 3.3 V or 5 V rail, assuming the ESR doesn't limit the discharge rate. The 23 mOhm ESR is the number that matters for ripple current handling: at 100 kHz, the capacitor can handle roughly 3.5 A of ripple current before self-heating becomes a concern (derate above 85°C).