Clamping voltage and breakdown margin
The SMCJ45A-13: The minimum breakdown voltage is 50 V, giving a 5 V guard band above the 45 V standoff — the diode stays off during normal operation but triggers before the protected circuitry sees damaging overvoltage. The 72.7 V clamp ceiling means a 45 V rail sees its transient limited to roughly 1.6× the nominal, which is within the safe operating area of most downstream 60 V or 75 V-rated components.
