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2 parts compared · 14 differing specs across 14 total parameters.

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Specification differences for ATmega168PA, ATmega328P
Parameter
Supply voltage1.8V to 5.5V; same clock envelopes.-
Memory & Peripherals16KB flash / 1KB SRAM / 512B EEPROM against 32KB / 2KB / 1KB on the 328P.-
CaseDIP-28 / TQFP-32DIP-28 / TQFP-32 / QFN-32
Compatibility LevelFunctional Equivalent-
Component Category-Embedded Microcontrollers (AVR)
Core & ArchitectureThe 16KB member of the same AVR family: pin-compatible with the 328P in DIP-28 and TQFP-32, identical peripherals, different signature (0x1E940B) and half the program memory.-
Firmware NotesOnly viable when the application firmware fits in 16KB and the bootloader is rebuilt for the 168 - a repair shortcut, never a production substitution. Most Arduino-era firmware does not fit, and flashing a 328P binary onto a 168 fails at verify.-
Hardware NotesIdentical pinouts in the shared packages; sockets do not change.-
Lead Time AdvantageShenzhen Spot Stock (24-48h Dispatch)-
Market Reality-The ATmega328P is the Arduino-era workhorse that escaped into industry: thousands of instrument, controller and appliance boards still run it, and repair benches re-order it every week. Genuine Microchip supply continues, and the market knows it - which is why relabeled and re-marked stock circulates (the classic tell is a bootloader that reports one signature while the silicon reads another). The two real substitution questions are the ATmega328PB migration (a new device with the same socket, per Microchips own app note) and the smaller-flash siblings that share the pinout.
Reference PartATmega328P-
Role In Circuit-Original Reference Part
Sourcing AdvantageStocked as a fallback for small-firmware repair jobs.-
Sourcing Status-Active Shenzhen Spot Sourcing (24–48h)

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